The Indus river valley is full of  archeological sites. Particularly famous are the excavations of Mohen-jo-Daro which provides insights into a well planned city of a long gone era. The map shows site going back to 1300 BC. That is almost 3300 years ago. What the reader may be interested in knowing is the region is mostly a desert and the rivers changed courses frequently, causing havoc due to flooding or drought on the lives of the local population and the archeological sites. The region is also prone to earthquakes and brings with it its own challenges.